Video and audio signals are encoded using codecs. Video files are composed of different data streams encapsulated in a container or wrapper. The following document gives an overview of the different elements that should be taken into account when choosing the destination format and related specifications, listing the various options available. In the framework of the preparation for the VIAA digitisation projects, PACKED vzw has conducted some research, looking at common practices in broadcast organisations and audio-visual archives in order to see what would be the best solution for the digitisation of audio-visual collections in Flanders' cultural heritage institutions. This decision is, however, a critical step that will have consequences on the future use and accessibility of the digitised content. In such a context choosing the destination format and specifications is always a very complex phase due to the lack of a real consensus in the archival world as to which formats and specifications should be used for the long-term preservation of video. Confusion regarding technologies can cause heritage institutions to be reluctant about entrusting their collections and devoting their resources to large-scale digitisation projects.

The digital files produced will ultimately replace old tape-based formats and become the new archiving masters 2.įile-based video formats have brought a number of new terms (wrapper, codec, compression, etc.) and facets to video preservation that have to be learned by collection caretakers. From the end of 2013 the Flemish Institute for Archiving (VIAA) 1 will operate as a service provider who will organise the digitisation and storage of audio-visual contents for owners and caretakers.

Hundred of thousands of hours of audio-visual material are still being held by Flemish cultural heritage institutions and broadcast archives on already – or soon to become – obsolete carriers.

Best video codec quality